Backward+Design

According to research, that the backward design approach is an [|instructional design method] invented by Wiggins and McTighe. This approach has been taken from a much larger framework that is called //Understanding by Design.// “Backward design begins with the end in mind: What enduring understandings do I want my students to develop?” It is particularly suited for teacher designers who think in terms of what they wish to achieve.
 * Backward Design Approach **

Boyes (2006) list the three stages in this approach as: Identify desired results What do you want the students to understand? What do you want them to know and to be able to accomplish? Determine Acceptable Evidence How will you know that the students have reached your desired outcome? How will you measure if the students have met the standards or accomplished the goal that was set? Plan learning experiences and instruction This stage is the planning stage. Here you will determine your essential questions and your objectives. Create your activities and how you will deliver the instruction
 * __Stage One: __
 * __Stage Two: __
 * __Stage Three: __

Book //Understanding by design //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;"> By Grant P. Wiggins, Jay McTighe
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Information Resources **

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Websites <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Understanding by Design Exchange [|www.ubdexchange.org] <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">www.digitalliteracy.mwg.org/curriculum/process <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|www.arps.org] <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">[]

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Articles:

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Boyes, K. (2006). Understanding by Design and Backward Design. (cover story). //Education Today//, (3), 13-14. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Childre, A., Sands, J. R., & Pope, S. T. (2009). Backward design. //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Teaching Exceptional Children //, //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">41 //(5), 6//<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">– //14. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Graff, N. (2011)"An Effective and Agonizing Way to Learn": Backwards Design and New Teachers' Preparation for Planning Curriculum. //Teacher Education Quarterly//, 38(3), 151-168. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Hendrickson, S. (2006). Backward approach to inquiry. //Science Scope//, 29(4), 30-33. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">McTighe, J., & Thomas, R. S. (2003). Backward design for forward action. //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Educational Leadership //,//<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> 60 //(5), 52//<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">– //55.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Boyes (2006) found where McTighe suggested that many teachers plan their topics and lessons around activities' and/or 'coverage rather than 'understanding. Understanding by Design focuses on what is taught and the assessment evidence that understanding has occurred. Hendrickson suggest that this model be used as a way to approach daily class activities, classroom discussions, and assessment of student understanding. Effective staff development would be a great way to implement this strategy. As stated by Wiggins and McTighe, implementing this approach you have to remember to begin with the end in mind. If the main objective is to have students master the standards then your activities and planning need to be centered around that standard.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Strategies and Ideas for Implementation **

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">References <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Boyes, K. (2006). Understanding by Design and Backward Design. (cover story). //Education Today//, (3), 13-14.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Graff, N. (2011)"An Effective and Agonizing Way to Learn": Backwards Design and New Teachers' Preparation for Planning Curriculum. //Teacher Education Quarterly//, 38(3), 151-168.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Hendrickson, S. (2006). Backward approach to inquiry. //Science Scope//, 29(4), 30-33.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">By: Melissa Hawkins